Computer support

Device Manager To examine the proper installation of Hardware and other connected devices. To open: Start>>Run (Winkey + R) type devmgmt.msc and press Enter. Here you can manage the following: Uninstall Disable Update driver Properties Scan for hardware changes Roll Back Backup It saves a copy of selected files and folder in a selected destination. It is alyaws good practice to keep backup of your data. To Open Backup tools Start>>Programs>Accessories>System tools>Back Up. Clean Disc This is very useful command to get rid of any unnecessary temporary files that are occupying spaces in the hard disk. To Open Run > %temp% > ok contains temporary files. Press Ctrl+A and Shift + Del. Run > temp > ok and delete. (This contains the Window temporary folder) Run > cookies > ok and delete. (This contains visited websites temporary files) Run > prefetch > ok and delete. Start> Program> Accessories> System t

  Computer Virus and Antivirus The computer Virus is the sets of some such codes which are organized to create disorder in the computer system. A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of user. Computer virus is a type of software. The computer virus is designed to corrupt or stole the data of PC and stops the PC to run. Sources of PC virus The PC viruses are not like human virus which can transfer through air. The big source of computer virus is the Internet. Most of Viruses creators are connected with the internet and they do transfer their product in internet directly or indirectly. If any user browse the site than his/her pc might be infected by virus. Other sources of virus are data transfer media like floppy disk, pen drive etc. If we use virus infected media with out virus scanning than our pc can be infected by the virus. Symptoms of virus infected PC Simply when we get sick, we can'

BIOS Short for Basic Input/Output System, BIOS is a chip located on all computer motherboards that contains instructions and setup for how your system should boot and how it operates. BIOS is chip level program, using which we can configure the basic input and output system of our computer. The BIOS may be different for different computers depending on the manufacturer. CMOS CMOS is short for Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. CMOS is an on-board semiconductor chip powered by a CMOS battery inside computers that stores information such as system time and system settings for your computer. How to enter the BIOS or SMOS setup? You can enter the BIOS or CMOS by pressing any one of the for keys (F1, F2, F10, Del) during the boot. BIOS operations In BIOS we can view the overall device configurations, change system date and time, configure the boot device priority, set supervisor password and even load optimal defaults to all devices. Boot Device Priority The boot de

File System A file system is a method for storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them. File system may use a data storage device such as hard disk or CD-ROM and involve maintaining the physical location of the files. File systems usually consist of files separated into groups called directories. Directories can contain files or additional directories. The common file system used in Windows Operating System is FAT and NTFS. Short for File Allocation Table, FAT is a method used by Microsoft operating systems to keep track of the contents of a disk; the table is a chart of numbers that correspond to cluster addresses on the hard drive. FAT12 : The oldest type of File Allocation Table that uses 12-bit binary system. A hard disk formatted using FAT12 can use a maximum of apporoximately 16,736,256 volume size and today is no longer used. FAT16 : FAT utilizing a 16-bit binary system. Commonly found with Windows 3.x thro

  FDISK The fdisk command is an external command that is used to configure the fixed disk. the FDISK program allows you to delete, create and partition different portions of the hard drive. It is also used to show and create the active partition of the hard drive. FDISK is also used in Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME operating systems. Running FDISK To run the FDISK, we need a Windows 98 Bootable Disk or a bootable Floppy Disk. Steps : Insert the Windows 98 Bootable Disc into the CD-ROM and restart the computer. In the keyboard, press Del, or F2 or F10 to start the BIOS or CMOS setup. In the Boot Device Priority, make sure that the first boot device is assigned as CD-ROM. Shift the command line mode to the CD-ROM drive, and open the Win98 folder from the CD-ROM. (cd Win98) Type fdisk. Press Y and Press Enter.

  Hard Disk Partition Hard disk drive partitioning is the creation of logic divisions upon a hard disk that allows one to apply operating system-specific logical formatting. Partitioning a hard disk drive defines specific areas (the partitions) within the disk. A partition may constitute an entire logical drive or it may form part of a large virtual drive which could span over several partitions and hard disks. Partitions must be formatted as file system which are understood by an operating system, enabling the writing, reading and copying of files. Partitioning allows the creation of several file systems on one hard disk. This has many benefits, including: Allowing for dual boot setups, which lets users have more than one operating system on a computer. Protecting or isolating files, so that, if an operating system stops working, it can be simply reinstalled with far less chances of deleting user files and settings. Raising overall computer performance. Types of Partitions

  DOS (Disk operating System) Commands The DOS commands are the instructions or commands that we use in Disk Operating System for Communications between the users and the system. The commands also serve as an interface between the users and the computers. We can use DOS commands either within the system or outside system that is using an external disk. To start a DOS command in Windows, Click on Start>Accessories>Command Prompt OR Click on Start>Run> Type "command" or "cmd" and click ok Basically there are 2 types of DOS commands: Internal Commands External Commands Internal Commands Internal commands are those commands that can be used within the system, that means when the computer boot or starts. The Internal Commands are used for carrying out certain operations within the system like viewing directories, folders, files, and creating, editing and deleting files, folders etc. Some of the internal commands are: cd\  : This command

  Operating System An  Operating System  ( OS ) is a set of computer programs that manage the hardware and software resources of a computer. An operating system rationally process electronic devices in response to approved commands. At the foundation of all system software, an operating system performs basic tasks such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices,facilitating networking, and managing file system. Most operating system have a command line interpreter as a basic user interface, but they may also provide a  graphical user interface  ( GUI ) for ease of operation. The operating system forms a platform for other system software and for application software. Examples of OS are  Windows 7 ,  Windows 8 ,  Linux ,  UNIX ,  Disk Operating System  ( DOS ) etc. Services of an Operating System Process Management : Every program running on a computer, be it background services or applications, is a process. Process m

The Binary Number System The binary (the prefix bi meaning two) number system uses only the two value: 0 and 1. This matches the capabilities of the transistor perfectly, as the transistor can also have only two states or values. The bonding of these two states allows the computer to use the binary number system. The computer stores a single binary number (either a one or a zero) in a single transistor. In fact, the word bit in computer language is a short form of binary digit. Each transistor holds a single electrical charge that is either positive or non-positive, which is turn represents a 1 or a 0. Bit A bit is a binary digit, taking a value of either 0 or 1. for example, the number 10010111 is 8 bits ling. Binary digits are a basic unit of information storage and communication in digital computing and digital information theory. Byte Eight bits are grouped together to form what is called a byte. AS byte can store smaller integer numbers or a single character. The eight bit

Assembled Computer  : Manufactured and assembled by a company. Eg. IBM, DELL, HP, Tosiba etc. Assembled Computer  : Assembled by user after collecting all required hardwares. Electric Safety: Make sure to turn off power supply before work. Never touch the source point with bear hand Don't work on circuit, at tired/under medicine Don't work with circuit unless you've familiar with its potential hazard. Don't work when your hands are wet or standing on wet floor or metal steel. Metal tools should be covered with good insulator. Don't leave your job in dangerous condition. Make sure everything is alright before connecting power supply. Steps to Assemble Collect Essential peripherals Like: Motherboard, Processor, RAM, Hard Disk, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Case, CD/DVD drive, O/S installation CD etc. Checking Check all cables and screws, cables for power supply, HDD, CD/DVD etc. Check devices and their manuals. Get Started Start connecting devices e

Computer Hardware Computer Hardware is the physical component or the physical part of the computer. It may include the electronic circuitry or all the components that are essential for a computer to operate. A typical  Personal Computer  ( PC ) consists of a case or chassis in desktop or tower shape and the following parts: Motherboard : A motherboard is also known as a system board or main board that holds all the computer peripherals and also consists of extra slots for expanding other computer hardwares. Example of motherboard are Intel 845 GVFN, Intel 845 GLVA, Intel 865 GSA, VIM 2600 M, ASUS, AMD Chipset etc. Components of a Motherboard : PS/2 Keyboard Connector PS/2 Mouse Connector USB (Universal Serial Bus) Port ; For USB devices like pen drive, printers, scanners, webcams, digital cameras, mobile phones COM (Communication) POrt : Also called Serial Communication Port which is for serial devices like serial mouse LPT (Line print terminal) Port : Also called

What is a Computer A computer is an electronic device that can accept input data and instructions, process them and give an output. The computer can also store the data, Instruction and the output if required. For example, a user can give input data 1, 2 and an instruction ADD to the computer. The computer process the data and instruction and the result=3 is displayed in the screen. The data, instruction and the result maybe stored in the memory of the computing device. The input devices gives the input data/instruction, CPU (Central Processing Unit) process them, output devices shows the output abd the memory devices ( RAM ,  Hard Disk , etc) is used to store them. The essential components of a typical computer include the following: Input Devices Input devices are those devices that give input data and instruction to the computer. Some example of input devices include keyboard, mouse, joystick, mic webcams, scanner, etc. Keyboard : Keyboard is the most common type of